The batteries will be taken to a facility where they can melt the more valuable kinds down and recover useful metals like lithium and cobalt. You can’t obviously do that at home. Some batteries may contain chemicals that are toxic to the environment like lead and cadmium. If they are contained, then pollution gets reduced.
To have any chance at recycling, trash needs to be separated by type. It isn’t economic for a business to sort through mixed trash and find batteries or other types of valuables in there. You can probably throw out single use alkaline-maganese or zinc-carbon cells because they don’t have valuable elements in them.
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