Because of different focal lengths(you can think of it as view angle or zoom). Phone camera due to it’s size is already an extreme compromise in optical design, trying to add zoom mechanisms on top of it would be very hard and not result in anything good. Zoom lenses are not optically the best, that is why professional cameras always have interchangeable lenses, if you want the best result you pick the best lens for the job instead of zoom lens that fits most situations but at cost of quality. You can’t change lenses in a phone, so it’s easier to just add many cameras, each with a different lens.
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