Edit: to clarify, I mean when shops have a sign that says “open” versus “closed”. Why is it not “opened/closed” or “open/close”?
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Each word kind of has an “origional” form (noun, verb, adjective, etc.) and when we want to use the word in a different form, we make changes to it. When we use it in the origional form, we don’t change it.
Close is originally a verb, so we make a change to it when we use it as an adjective — in this case, we use the past tense of the verb to turn it into an adjective.
Open is originally an adjective, so we don’t really need to make changes to it when we use it as an adjective.
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