That’s because we say “The shop **is** open”, emphasising that it’s open to customers *right now*, but the verb “close” (as in “shut down”, not “near”) cannot be used in the same way, so instead we say “The shop **has been** closed”. Both “open” and “closed” can be used as adjectives (“open shop” and “closed shop”), so they still make sense on either side of a sign.
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