Edit: to clarify, I mean when shops have a sign that says “open” versus “closed”. Why is it not “opened/closed” or “open/close”?
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Basically it’s because there’s more to if a thing is a past-tense verb than if the word ends in “-ed”.
In this case, “open” is a present-tense verb AND an adjective. It just is. That’s how it’s defined in the dictionary. It doesn’t have to change letters, you just have to figure out which it is based on the sentence. In “Open the door”, it’s a verb. In “Go through the open door” it’s an adjective.
But “close” is only a verb. It is not an adjective. You can’t say, “Please open the close door.” Due to another quirk of English words, that sentence means something different entirely. For whatever reason the people who formed English decided that “closed” is an adjective.
Adjectives don’t have a tense because they aren’t objects. We can say, “The formerly-closed door is now open” to indicate it was closed in the past, but being very technical the verb in that sentence is “is” and it is present tense. “formerly-closed” is two adjectives describing the door.
Again, put shortly: adjectives don’t have tense. “Closed” is just an adjective that happens to look like a past-tense verb in this case. You have to see it in a sentence to know how it’s being used.
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