Think of it as a very complex system with many different variables. Each of these variables are either tested or modeled (or both) to predict the desired outcome.
Many of these variables rely upon assumptions. Sometimes these assumptions are a bit off…enough to cause a catastrophic failure.
By obtaining data points from the launch these assumptions can be re-tuned from hard data thus getting the variables closer to the optimum value. It’s an iterative process that takes time, patience and lots of money!
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