Your inner clock, triggered by light through your eyelids and also simply by time, starts releasing stress hormones and tries to lower melatonin, a hormone that makes you sleepy/ sleep in order to wake you up. When you’re exhausted or drugged, the latter doesn’t work. So you end up with stress hormones flooding your body, designed to make you alert and responsive, whilst still running on too much melatonin to actually wake you up. That causes you to dehydrate and lose lots of important chemicals like electrolytes, pretty much like a hangover.
Tl;dr: Pretty much like a hangover.
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