You’re adding energy to the system when you compress it. Imagine you have a piston in a cylinder with air in it. As you push the piston in, the air compressed. As it does, it pushes back on the piston. So you have a force applied over a distance. Guess what that is? Work. Aka energy. The energy has 2 places it can go. It can leave the system, or it can heat up. It’ll want to leave, but this takes time. If you compress the air fast enough, it’ll heat up.
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