The simple answer is that water is able to dissolve more carbon dioxide at lower temperatures.
The expanded, eli5 bot required answer is to further expound by saying that the CO2 molecules vibrate faster the more heated they are, thus they try to come out of solution more since they are higher energy. When they are low-energy, they don’t vibrate as much and so don’t shake through the dense water molecules as easily and stay trapped among them longer.
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