why does asphyxiation from carbon dioxide cause pain, but other gases such as nitrogen don’t?

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Why does nitrogen cause you to just pass out but carbon dioxide causes you to suffocated and feel it? Is it because of the oxygen in carbon dioxide?

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I imagine it’s because the situations where other gases would be in such high quantities to kill us are so rare that our ancestors didn’t need to evolve a way to detect it. CO2, on the otherhand, is something that happens a lot in a bunch of different chemical reactions with air, especially with fire and even within ourselves so it makes more sense to evolve to avoid CO2 than other gases. Basically, it’s not a matter of why not do this thing but more like why WOULD you need this thing in the past?

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