This is a tricky question. Black does not absorb light. Various materials absorb and reflect different amounts of light; this is true for nearly everything in the universe. When a substance absorbs all visible light and reflects none, we call that “Black.” Black is the effect of a thing that absorbs light, not the cause of the absorption.
Things that absorb a broad spectrum of visible light appear black. Black isn’t a thing separate from the absorption of light. Black is the absorption of light.
Maybe what you want to ask is why do some things absorb certain wavelengths of light?
This, to my understanding, is because the frequency of the molecular energy of the material is close to the wavelength of the light and they interact.
Things that appear black have frequencies match most of the wavelengths of the hues of visible light.
It is more the other way round.
We see things that absorb visible light as black.
“Absorbing light” is not a property of black surfaces, “appearing black” is a property of surfaces that absorb visible light.
Colors aren’t really real, but just something out brain makes up to interpret the information our eyes tell it about the light that reaches them.
Depending on the wavelength of the light or the combinations of wavelengths of the light that are perceived coming from some place colors are assigned to that area.
All the parts of the visible spectrum reaching us are interpreted as white, and none of the light reaching us is perceived as dar or black.
Most of the light flying around is white or whiteish, but once it hist objects some of the light gets absorbed and some gets reflected. The wavelength that are not absorb but reflected into our eyes determine the colors we see it as.
Any surface that absorbs most of the visible light that hits it, will look black.
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