Things that absorb a broad spectrum of visible light appear black. Black isn’t a thing separate from the absorption of light. Black is the absorption of light.
Maybe what you want to ask is why do some things absorb certain wavelengths of light?
This, to my understanding, is because the frequency of the molecular energy of the material is close to the wavelength of the light and they interact.
Things that appear black have frequencies match most of the wavelengths of the hues of visible light.
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