Many say its because of transistors ability to switch between two states.. and that true but only party so.
In fact it isn’t true any more as many digital systems now don’t use only 1 and 0 anymore. Especially for data transmission.
One other major reason is the simple fact that Boolean logic is very simple and never ambiguous.
And all computers are built around what Boolean recognises as one of the if not the most basic form of logic than can easily be used to calculate other things.
The ALU (basically the heart of each CPU) in each computer can be expressed as a relatively short boolean term for instance .
So yes its physical limitations but also the math behind it is MUCH cleaner if you only have two states
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