Inside a computer, those 0s and 1s are represented by different amounts of electricity. For example, a 0 might be represented by a wire with zero volts (0V) and a 1 might be represented by a wire with five volts (5V).
If we wanted, we could make circuits that represent the numbers 0-9 with 0V, 1V, …, 9V. But those circuits are much more difficult to make. It’s really simple to make circuits that can detect the difference between 0V and 5V. The circuits can be built so that 0-2 V is considered a zero, and maybe 4-6 V is considered a one.
Once we have circuits that can operate on 0s and 1s, then that’s sufficient to do any computation we want.
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