real eli5: computers need to process a lot of information and the best way to represent that information is with binary numbers. the reason binary is used is because it is the most simple way to represent numbers on a microchip
it’s kind of strange but you can represent any integer (e.g. 7, 23, -50, …) in binary using just zeros and ones. zeros and ones can also be thought of as “off” and “on”, or “closed” and “open.” when a single bit (a zero or a one) is stored in the computer’s memory, there is a physical component that opens and closes to store that information for later. you can think of it kind of like how a light switch can be either on or off, just much smaller. we may think of data, memory, and information as abstract concepts but in this case they are physical
imagine developing the same component but it could handle more than 0 and 1. maybe it could represent 0, 1, and 2. or even 0 through 9. these exist but they are unnecessarily complicated and more expensive to manufacture. this is why you see multiples of two. it is because information at the bottom level is read and written in binary
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