If you look into the light bulb in your room, your eyes will get bothered, even with the globe diffusing it but if you look away onto a wall it doesn’t bother. I also have a photography lamp with a softbox and diffuser cloth attached and I feel the same when I compare the reflected portion to the transmitted, and it has a cloth in front of it so shouldnt that bounce the light around just like a reflection does? Is there any way to take a transmissive light source i.e. an LED and cover it in a way so that it feels like you’re looking at a well-lit book instead of a mini-sun?
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Yes, there is. This is pretty much done all the time for things like backlights on a TV, tablet, phone or laptop screen. The amount of light can be reduced either electronically or through physical means.
The simplest way would be to disallow direct light. Point the light towards the ceiling/wall or have a reflector that directs the emitted light usually upwards or towards the sides. Once the light hits a ceiling or wall, it will be reflected but at lower intensity.
This will very likely reduce the total amount of light. So the room will be darker or dimmer. In some situations this might be preferred (watching TV etc). In other cases (commercial institutions) this is offset by using a lot more lights. This gets a bit more expensive since it requires more lights and also uses more power (generally).
The other common practice is to use more but smaller individual LEDs spread out. LED replacement for fluorescent lights are one example. Or LED light strings. Or simply small individual lights.
Looking at a light source is usually giving you a lot more light than reflected light. Try looking at some snow on top of a mountain on a sunny day and your eyes will definitely be getting bothered by some reflected light then.
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