Charging a battery gives off heat. It also shortens the life of that battery. The faster you charge the battery the more heat it gives off and the faster it shortens it’s life.
So it’s a balancing act between a reasonable charge time of that battery and not cooking it and killing it prematurely.
One way to get around this is have something that can soak up the charge really fast without cooking it. A capacitor if you will. Then that capacitor feeds the power into the battery at a more reasonable rate.
That is the idea behind graphene lith-ion hybrid batteries.
As for the newer iPhone super fast charge I have no idea how the are doing it, but I suspect they are sacrificing long term batter life for charging speed.
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