What you’re talking about is called “frisson.” It can include goosebumps, tightness in your throat, and shivers.
First of all, it doesn’t affect everyone: somewhere between half or one in six never experience frisson. Pity them if you want.
Second, it’s because music stimulates emotions. People who experience frisson tend to experience stronger emotions in general, and especially to have stronger connections in their brain between hearing and emotions.
Thirdly, strong emotions, especially fear, anxiety, love, desire, inspiration, and nostalgia which can come from music, tells your body something strange is going on and makes you more alert and excited (not always in a positive way if it’s a horror soundtrack). Goosebumps are one of many things your body does when it becomes more actively alert to danger or desire.
one interesting tidbit i’d like to add is that i never got this feeling till after i did mushrooms. after doing them once every 2 weeks for a summer in my early 20s, i’ve had pretty intense frisson ever since and it only seems to get stronger with age.
now if i listen to music i loved in my teens, frisson. even the national anthem at a stadium gives me frisson, esp the recording with whiney houston. that one has me blubbering like a baby every time. and i’m not the least bit patriotic, so that has nothing to do with it. it’s just straight up beautiful music. get the same thing with the star wars anthem at the beginning of every film. i just get choked up, it’s so intense.
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