Why does night photography require the use of manual controls while daytime photography can get by with Auto Mode?
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There are different ways of doing night photography and the camera can’t tell which you intend using. Just for starters, it’s so dark that the camera can’t get a reasonable measure of exposure and auto-focus can’t work. About all it can do about that is set the ISO and aperture to capture the most light but it still needs you to manually set the focus and shutter speed. Even then you might want some depth of field and so need to reduce the aperture at the expense of a longer exposure time.
While the camera is making an exposure it isn’t getting any information from the sensor; the reading of the sensor happens at the end of the exposure. Some astrophotography takes many shorter exposures and later adds them together in software but that’s very specialised and the smarts happen outside your camera using computer software.
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