Cant explain without thinking mathematically to some extent. But to think about it in a different way…
Think of splitting a circle into a 4 square grid where the inside radius is the inner edge of 2 touching squares at 3, 6 9 and 12 o clock. You form a bigger square outside the circle which touches at these points.
The perimeter of this larger outer square is simply 8 times the radius, or 4 times the diameter (4 squares with 2 edges on the outer square)
The perimeter of the circle (aka its circumference) inside the square is shorter than the square, it is around 12% smaller perimeter, so rather than 4*Diameter it happens to work out at 3.14… * Diameter
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