when something is radioactive it’s just a fancy word for it gives off something. For example Fukushima water, The radioactive ingredient is called tritium it gets off a beta particle which makes it radioactive, and it loses half of its radioactivity in 12 or so years.
When something has a high energy radioactive particle it acts kind of like a bullet and a molecular level, these bullets hit things such as DNA strands and cause mutations. These mutations are random and could cause a wide variety of effects such as what you are describing.
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