Good question. Found ths on Quora:
Rafal Badri Medical Doctor (1976–present) Author has 782 answers and 1.5M answer views 5y
The lining of the throat gets congested. This is the inflammatory process in response to invading bacterial or viral infection. The body brings in extra blood to supply fighting white blood cells and serum that has immunity proteins named immuoglobulins. All this extra fluid volume in a space that has limited expansion will press on nerve endings. The the brain interprets this as pain.
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