The brake pads clench on the tires and stop them, but a vehicle has shocks that allow the vehicle to lurch forward slightly and then correct itself backwards, instead of continuing to put stress on the break pads and wheel wells. This allows for faster stops when necessary, and lessens wear and tear on various vehicle parts.
PS if you lurch hard every time you stop (and don’t have a REALLY old vehicle), you need to work on your situational awareness and response time or get your vehicle looked at. That’s not normal to lurch hard every time you brake.
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