Binary addressing. In binary when you add an extra digit, you increase the range by two.
In decimal, every time you add a digit you increase the range by 10. So for instance one digit, `X` can be 0 to 9. Two digits, `XX` can be 0 to 99. Three digits are 0 to 999. And so on.
Computer memory has address lines, which are used to indicate which byte is being read or written. Every time you add another line you double the number of bits that can be used.
In theory, you could have a chip with 1000 bytes of memory rather than 1024, but then you’d have to come up with something sensible to do when somebody tries to access the nonexistent position 1011. Might as well not deal with that trouble.
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