There has always been a divide in the military between the enlisted and the officers. In countries that descended from monarchy, the division traditionally was that enlisted came from the lower classes while the officers came from the landed gentry. The idea being that these people were born into power and groomed to be leaders of men. Therefore, the ones who had that capacity would be ideal for commanding men on the battlefield.
Nowadays, that’s kind of antiquated and we get officers from all walks of life (though notably at least in the US, OCS recruits heavily from recent college grads, which does still retain a class element), but since there’s still a monarchy and a strong sense of tradition in Britain, their royal family goes into the military and become officers.
There’s likely a component of “do I want to be the general who demotes or disciplines the prince?” in how their military experience differs from even other officers, but that’s sheer speculation on my part.
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