The locks are used to make a kind of tub and add or remove water to raise or lower the ship to traverse to the next part of the canal. The Panama Canal, basically goes over mountainous terrain, they didn’t just dig up the whole terrain and make it all sea level, it rises and then drops down again. The boats in the canal need to do the same thing, go up and then down the other side.
The Suez Canal has no such difficult terrain.
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