First, buses are really heavy, so even in a crash, they don’t move nearly as much as a car or truck.
Second, school buses (specifically) have tall seats that create compartments, which means that a kid is going to stay in between the compartments and not get flung a long ways (which is one of the reasons to have seatbelts.
There are many buses with seatbelts in the world. Where I live, long-distance and even regional buses do usually have seatbelts.
If city and regional buses were limited to their seating capacity, you would need to run a lot more buses to transport the same number of people, this wouldn’t be practical, so standing spaces need to be allowed on buses.
City buses don’t usually have seatbelts because they don’t usually travel at very high speeds, so crashes are not very dangerous.
It has to do with seat belt laws and regs. It’s why limousines and party buses don’t require them either. It has to do with the purpose of the multi passenger vehicle and in the case of buses, practicality. Like trying to get coming-and-going urban bus riders or 25 eighth graders on a school bus to buckle up and stay buckled up.
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