It’s not that more people are being born. The issue is that fewer people are dying
It used to be that if you had two kids, one was likely to die. Mom could die too if she’s unlucky. Children also got killed by things like Influenza or whooping cough. And even ignoring disease, malnutrition could kill people, or cripple them.
People just don’t die any more. Starvation rates have dropped. People with birth defects can live full lives. Death during child birth isn’t a thing anymore, polio is nearly extinct, and influenza is so weak that it’s a yearly thing for many people that we make jokes about.
Medicine alone has advanced to the point where humans are like freaking playdough. People in total kidney failure can be kept alive for days, waiting for someone else to willfully get cut open, have their kidney removed from their body, and then smacked into another person. AND BOTH COME OUT ALIVE.
It’s absurd how much quality of life has improved in the past centuries.
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