https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Revolution
Over the past century, we’ve made huge strides in agriculture, specifically chemical fertilizers that can significantly increase crop yields. More food means cheaper food, which means less starvation/better nutrition, which (combined with similarly huge advances in medicine) means healthier people and fewer deaths. That makes the population grow rapidly.
Birth control is typically not mandatory, and is not as widely distributed/available as the agricultural benefits and other medical benefits, so its impact will be limited.
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