Demand has also gone up, and the problem with natural resources is that simply having more efficient methods isn’t enough when you’re dealing with an entire globe worth of demand. You have to go seek out more physical sources, or use more expensive techniques to increase yield. Those sources are often located in hard-to-access locations, so the cost of access and transportation goes up. The expensive techniques needed to increase yield also only make sense if prices are high, for example fracking for natural gas is not profitable below a certain price because of the high costs involved.
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