It’s because you’re using decibels. Decibels measure how strong or weak something is relative to something else. Because it’s a relative measurement, negative values are allowed. Negatives mean less than (in this case weaker than) not non existent. So -40 db is a measure how how much weaker the signal can be (probably compared to noise), it’s putting a limit on how weak the signal can be relative to another thing (not 100% sure but probably noise).
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