Its mostly for marketing reasons because most people would think that 2160p was double the resolution of 1080p when it is in fact 4x the resolution. By calling it 4k, which is the width res (4096 / 3840 depending on the standard used), instead of sticking with the height res (2160) it now “sounds” like it’s 4x the res of 1080 to a typical consumer.
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