u/pseudopad added an important detail. When HD and Blu-ray first started TVs were updating from 480 horizontal scan lines to 720i, 720p, 1080i, and 1080p. The i and p indicated interlaced or progressive scans – i would update every other line, and p would refresh the whole screen. 1080p quickly became the standard.
Now that i and p are forgotten relics, marketing stepped in to rebrand 2160p as 4k, with mild confusion to consumers.
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