So, when a soundwave hits your eardrum, it causes little bones to vibrate against your cochlea which has little hairs in it. The vibration of the hairs is what triggers the signal to be sent through your nerves to the brain so that you can hear it.
Those hairs don’t regrow, so if they get vibrated too much and fall out then your hearing gets worse until you run out and are deaf.
So while 90db isn’t particularly traumatic for those hairs, continued exposure to that level of vibration can damage them over time.
Imagine giving a high five. Your hand is fine after one, but if you were to give high fives for 2 hours your hand would be red and swollen. Something that isn’t necessarily damaging for a short period can add up to a lot of damage over time.
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