Why isnt it just 2? What factors make up the 0.1?
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I am amazed that out of everybody commenting, nobody has managed to properly address the issue.
2.1 is the number necessary as a “prospective” metric. Technically, an average of 2 would equate to equilibrium, but that does not factor in those of the coming generation that will be sterile or die at young age etc. If all 4.x billion women on earth each had two twins coming out today and then the people currently alive would all magically vanish, we would have a sustained rate. But the correct frame of reference is not earth today but rather earth + 20 years.
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