It’s usually a consequence of the regulations around borrowing money.
When you pay for something on a debit card, you’re paying with the funds from your bank account, when you pay with a credit card, you’re borrowing money from the credit card company to pay for the thing, and then paying them back later when the bill comes.
Lending money to people tends to be fairly highly regulated, because there’s a lot of potential for abuse if not regulated carefully, part of which is the idea of charge backs.
Visa and MasterCard both have degrees of protection in place on debit cards, and banks may offer additional protection, but in general, a debit card transaction is legally treated the same as paying for something in cash, because that’s effectively what it is
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