Why is it impossible while 5m or more below water to breathe through a hose connected to the surface air, but easy to breathe through a scuba?
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A point of note here which isn’t mentioned yet that humans can only create about 0.1 bars of suction and pressure. If the pressure differential being asked is bigger than this, you either end up pushing all the air out or pulling it all in, being unable to command a breath. This is one of the reasons why people suffocate in crowd rush situations, as people push them in harder than their ribs can exert force to expand.
The person at depth of 5 meters is already too deep to be able to command a breath due to water pushing their chest in at force of about 0.5 bar. Technically, I think having your lungs at depth of about 1 meter should already suffice, and a pipe to surface just shouldn’t allow you to breathe anymore.
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