Couple of reasons:
There is less stuff to slow down the air the higher up you go. At the surface you have all of the objects on the surface (and the surface of the Earth itself) which slows air down.
Second, as you go up, air gets less dense. Basically a given volume of air is “lighter” and therefore easier to move faster.
Think about a CD on a CD player. The inner part of the CD and the outer part are staying in sync, but reality is that speed = d/t …and the outer part of the CD is traveling a greater distance in the same amount of time. Similarly, the earth is traveling “faster” in the outer parts of the atmosphere, making the wind travel at greater speeds. That, and there are far fewer obstacles!
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