Engine oil needs to have a special amount of gooeyness so it can stick to and stay between moving parts.
This gooeyness (what boring people call viscosity) decreases with temperature.
This means engine oil is like honey when cold and like water when hot.
There are additives which change how engine oil responds to temperature, allowing the same type of oil to be used summer and winter.
Over time these additives chemically transform, becoming ineffective.
When you change a car’s engine oil, the oil you are removing has used up its additives and the oil you are putting in has fresh additives.
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