why is it so hard to develop an analgesic that isn’t opiate-based?

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why is it so hard to develop an analgesic that isn’t opiate-based?

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They exist, Methoxyflurane is fairly effective (mostly commonly seen as a green whistle), nitrous oxide isn’t uncommon. 

Methoxyflurane inconveniently kills your kidney at high dosages and in a user friendly form (Penthrox Inhaler/Green whistle) only lasts for 30min.

Nitrous oxide isn’t exactly user friendly, causes neuro toxicity and B12 deficiency with excessive use. 

Opioids also have the advantage of being able to extract them from poppy seeds instead of a complex synthesis.

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