You’ll see this at more than just gas stations, it’s not uncommon for smaller convenience stores having a “minimum purchase amount” required to use credit cards.
The reason for this is the way that credit card and debit card companies make money. For every transaction there is usually a fee of a couple of percentage points of the purchase. So if you go in and buy a soda for a dollar where the store may only be making $0.05 profit, and Visa charges a 3% fee, then the store owner just lost 60% of their profit on the purchase.
Larger companies and chains have the leverage of massive buying power to negotiate these fees down, or even get them waived entirely. So Walmart for example, is paying almost nothing if anything at all for credit card processing, and thus won’t have those kind of limits.
Besides charging interest on late payments, cash advances, etc., credit card companies / networks make money by charging the store/merchant a fee (usually a mix of a % and a fixed fee, something like 2.5% + 15¢); this is one reason as to why they can offer cash back/miles as rewards. Debit cards also have a fee, but a bit less.
This is also why American Express isn’t accepted everywhere, as they charge a higher fee.
The owners have a limited understanding of how the fees work and are passing the cost on to the customer. There is no genuine reason to do so, the owner may of just been an investor who wanted to own a simple shop however neglected to understand that there may be extra work involved, like checking the totals add up at the end of the day. It might appear superficial but the business could be someone’s life savings
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