The same reason the inside of a car gets hot in the sun. Light comes in through the glass windows and is absorbed by the upholstery and other interior stuff, which emits a comparatively negligible amount of radiation back out of the car.
Greenhouses work similarly (albeit a bit more deliberate). Light enters through the glass and is absorbed by plants and other stuff sitting in the greenhouse. That energy cannot escape the glass by convection and very little gets out by conduction.
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