For bacteria or fungus to grow it needs to be in a growth medium of some sort., typically something with water. As part of ‘the manufacture’ of honey as it were, the bees evaporate off the water, which means there is nothing that fungus or bacteria can grow in.
Jamming works in a similar way, except by locking the water into a jelly (and evapourating a fair amount first). This is also why when someone uses the butter or margarine knife to get out jam, and leaves a little bit in the jam jar it immediately goes crazy with fungus and things, as suddenly this food rich resource has a good growth medium in it.
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