Burns up the motor without it. It won’t ruin the motor if you do a small burst but overtime using the disposal without water will burn it up. I believe this is mainly because the water add fluidity to the stuff your disposing of making it easier to grind it all up thus making life easier for the motor long term. Im a carpenter not a plumber though so I may be missing something.
some modern disposals can run for a very very long time without any water. perhaps indefinitely, though eventually without airflow under the cabinet, heat soak might be a problem. The water is a great heat sink otherwise.
But if you putting food down the disposal, something needs to flush it through the system.
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