We’re using the colonizers’ language. The colonizers/conquerors saw the people of different ethnicities they dominated as subhuman, which came to be seen as a different race altogether.
Since the language refers to the colonized as a different race, the colonized (now speaking the colonists language) also refer to themselves as a different race.
While we now understand that humanity is a single species with variations in phenotype, the idea of having a superior/inferior group of people is not dead at all. Old idea, old terminology.
At least that’s my theory.
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