I imagine one of the earliest uses was with wheels. If I know how big the spokes (diameters) of my wheels are, then I need to find out how much to material I need to curve for the rim (circumference) to make a functioning wheel. This would be very important for things like chariots, which were used as far back as 3000 BCE. The better your wheels are the smoother the ride in the chariot, and the faster you can go with the same horses – all important things for the luxury cars of the age.
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