While there are other effects, the biggest thing keeping an organism only viable within a small temperature window are the enzymes it uses. Basically put, an enzyme is a protein that reduces the necessary energy required to make a reaction happen
If our enzymes even started finding it slightly harder to do the things they did, we would be dead. If it gets too hot, they may just stop working permanently due to unwanted reactions occurring, and if it gets too cold it won’t have the energy to make the wanted erections happen
TL;DR: important proteins do fucky wucky and throw a hissy fit if it isn’t in perfect conditions
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