In an electric water heater, the electricity wants to flow from the “hot” wire into the “ground” wire. A properly wired heating element provides an easier way for the electricity to get to ground than by flowing through the water itself. If the heating element is not designed correctly, then the electricity may not always have a better path, and these elements can cause lethal shocks. This is why there are strict laws about the design and use of electrical heating elements in or near water.
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