Because there are only 12 notes in music (if we aren’t considering the various octaves).
1. C
2. C#/Db
3. D
4. D#-Eb
5. E
6. F
7. F#/Gb
8. G
9. G#/Ab
10. A
11. A#/Bb
12. B
The black keys on a keyboard are the “half steps” between the white keys. So if you start at middle C, you have:
C-C#-D-D#-E (going left to right)
or E-Eb-D-Db-C (going right to left)
Mathematically, the difference in sound between E and F is equivalent to the difference between C and C#, hence the half step. This is also why there isn’t a black key between B and C, because a B# is just a C, and conversely a Cb is just a B.
I hope this helps. I am by no means a music theory expert. This is simply how my band teacher explained it to me when I was younger =^.^=
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