First of all, I can tell you why the i sound in ‘triple’ and ‘tripe’ don’t sound the same.
Generally, the final, silent e will jump back ONE consonant to make the previous vowel make a long sound. So ‘tripe’ ‘fire’ ‘time’ sound different to trip, fir and Tim.
If there are 2 or more consonants between the vowel and the final silent e, it won’t make the vowel long. An example of this is ‘triple’.
Of course there are always exceptions to rules in English, because it’s three languages in a trenchcoat.
As for why it doesn’t have the double P like nipple, I really don’t know, but some words ending in -ple are like that, some aren’t. Example, sample, trample, simple, pimple.
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